endophytic squamous proliferation

In another experiment Burkholderia bacteria with both the TOM plasmid as well as nickel resistance genes was inoculated into yellow lupine; this increased the root mass of the plants, but the amounts of TCE transpired was not statistically significant. However, this view has been challenged by the frequent detection of HPV in giant condylomas but rarely in verrucous carcinomas.24,25 As in ordinary condyloma acuminatum, giant condylomas usually harbor HPV 6 and 11.24 Recurrence rate is high,21 and malignant transformation to invasive SCC has been reported in more than 50% of cases, most commonly in HIV-positive patients.20,21 Not surprisingly, coinfection with high-risk HPV has been demonstrated in carcinoma ex giant condyloma acuminatum.26, The microscopic features of giant condyloma acuminatum are similar to those of its ordinary counterpart except for its large size and more florid excrescences. MeSH Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia: diagnosis, management and current advances. The papillae have pointed tips and fibrovascular cores housing capillaries near the surface (Figure 7, B), which are prone to thrombosis and infarction. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. 1948;23(4):6708. Keratoacanthoma and infundibulocystic squamous cell carcinoma. [11] Studies have shown endophytic fungi are able to produce secondary metabolites previously thought to be manufactured by their plant hosts. eCollection 2019 Dec. Histopathologic features of multiple cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas of the lower extremity. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2012 May;103(4):308-16. doi: 10.1016/j.ad.2011.09.004. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted Head Neck Pathol. [51], A 2008 experiment with an isolate of a fungus called NRRL 50072 found that this strain can produce a small amount of fuel-like hydrocarbon compounds which was promoted as "myco-diesel". Verruciform xanthoma. Oral Dis. Would you like email updates of new search results? The objective of this study was to produce an expert consensus guideline for standardized assessment and reporting by pathologists diagnosing PVL related lesions. Despite these failures, such techniques might lead to some future improvements. WebHistologically, it is characterized by stratified squamous epithelium with few atypical cells. A, An exophytic and endophytic verrucous squamous proliferation with a bulbous, pushing base. These findings suggest that some cutaneous squamous proliferations on the legs of women with multiple lesions lack prominent cytologic atypia as well as TP53 mutations and might be more akin to keratoacanthoma than SCC or might represent a reactive phenomenon. There was less than moderate agreement (kappa<0.60) for lesions in the Bulky hyperkeratotic epithelial proliferation, not reactive category. This endophytic type has Contrary to historical belief, giant condyloma acuminatum and verrucous carcinoma should be considered distinct entities based on different pathogenetic pathways. Fleiss JL. Current agriculture relies heavily on fungicides and high levels of chemical fertilizers. Zain RB, Kallarakkal TG, Ramanathan A, et al. Oral Oncol. Endophytes are ubiquitous and have been found in all species of plants studied to date; however, most of the endophyte/plant relationships are not well understood. The upper keratinocytes acquire a moderate to abundant amount of cytoplasm as they mature toward the surface,45,46 where koilocytosis is readily appreciated (Figure 4, B). Akrish S, Eskander-Hashoul L, Rachmiel A, Ben-Izhak O. Clinicopathologic analysis of verrucous hyperplasia, verrucous carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma as part of the clinicopathologic spectrum of oral proliferative verrucous leukoplakia: a literature review and analysis. J Oral Pathol Med. Google Scholar. Fischer DJ, Epstein JB, Morton TH, Schwartz SM. [29] As often with other organisms associated with plants such as mycorrhizal fungus, endophytes gain carbon from their association with the plant host. The lesions demonstrated the spectrum of histologic features described in PVL, and in some cases, patients developed oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Endophytes can extensively colonize plant tissues and competitively exclude other potential pathogens. The elongated rete ridges tend to converge toward the center of the lesion (in-toeing) (Figure 7, A). Occasionally, keratinizing SCC may occur.37,38, As a surrogate marker for high-risk HPV infection, p16 immunohistochemical stain serves as a helpful tool to distinguish warty, basaloid, and warty-basaloid squamous neoplasms from condyloma acuminatum and HPV-independent (differentiated) squamous neoplasms. This tumor type is rarely described in the anogenital region. FOIA However, in contrast with condyloma acuminatum, which is typically caused by HPV types 6 and 11, VV is most commonly induced by HPV 2, followed by HPV 1, 4, 65, 27, and others.68,69 Distinction of VV and condyloma acuminatum has important clinical implication especially in the pediatric population, as condyloma acuminatum would raise suspicion for sexual abuse, whereas VV is nonsexually transmitted. Behura SS, Masthan MK, Narayanasamy AB. Oral epithelial dysplasia and premalignancy. To review the overlapping and distinguishing features of condyloma acuminatum and its mimics, and to clarify confusing terminology and diagnostic criteria for problematic entities. Verrucous hyperplasia of the oral mucosa. 2014;118(6):71324. [71] Endophytes accomplish this by increasing the uptake of valuable land limited nutrients from the soil such as phosphorus and making other plant nutrients available to plants such as rock phosphate and atmospheric nitrogen which are normally trapped in forms that are inaccessible to plants. Although VV (common wart) usually occurs on extragenital skin, it can occasionally arise in the anogenital area and may result in diagnostic confusion with condyloma acuminatum. [42] Many non-clavicipitaceous endophytes have the ability to switch between endophytic behavior and free-living lifestyles. Google Scholar. C, Warty-basaloid HSIL is characterized by a verruciform architecture and basaloid epithelium with full-thickness atypia. The use of fungicides has a negative effect on endophytic fungi and fertilizers reduce a plant's dependence on its endophytic symbiont. Oral Oncol. While the basaloid subtype rarely mimics condyloma acuminatum, it shares overlapping features with the warty-basaloid subtype, which has a condyloma-like, verruciform silhouette (Figure 4, C).37 The epithelium is basaloid due to a high nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio and nuclear hyperchromasia (Figure 4, C; inset). [8] Endophytes and plants often engage in mutualism, with endophytes primarily aiding in the health and survival of the host plant with issues such as pathogens and disease,[9] water stress, heat stress, nutrient availability and poor soil quality, salinity, and herbivory. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. [1], Endophytes were first described by the German botanist Johann Heinrich Friedrich Link in 1809. The scrotum, groin, and pubis may also be affected.2123 The tumor grows exophytically and endophytically, and the exophytic excrescences are often described as cauliflower-like. Fistula formation between papillae is common. Downward epithelial proliferation for at least three times the normal thickness of the epithelium was considered bulky endophytic proliferation. [4] Vertically transmitted fungal endophytes are typically considered clonal and transmit via fungal hyphae penetrating the embryo within the host's seeds, while reproduction of the fungi through asexual conidia or sexual spores leads to horizontal transmission, where endophytes may spread between plants in a population or community. In this series, Endophytic fungi may be from Hypocreales and Xylariales of the Sordariomycetes (Pyrenomycetes) class or from the class of Loculoascomycetes. 1980;46(8):185562. DEVIL is a rare form of squamous proliferation characterized by prevalent PIK3CA and HRAS mutations. Endophyte - Wikipedia Endophytic Fungus - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics [55], Two strains of the endophytic fungi Pestalotiopsis microspora isolated from stems of plants from the Ecuadorian rainforest were shown in laboratory experiments to be able to digest polyurethane plastic as the fungus's sole carbon source in anaerobic conditions, although many other non-endophytic fungi have demonstrated this ability, and most isolates of endophytic fungi in this experiment could perform this to some degree. 2016 Sep;43(9):759-65. doi: 10.1111/cup.12738. Thompson, L.D.R., Fitzpatrick, S.G., Mller, S. et al. Chi AC, Lambert PR 3rd, Pan Y, et al. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. Semin Diagn Pathol. B, Koilocytes are readily found in the upper epidermis, while the remaining keratinocytes are cytologically uniform and bland (hematoxylin-eosin, original magnifications 10 [A] and 200 [B]). Microscopically, the squamous papillae are of variable lengths and shapes, lined by irregular well-differentiated squamous epithelium with overlying hyperkeratosis (Figure 5, A). 299biopsies from 84 PVL patients from six institutions were selected from patients who had multifocal oral leukoplakic lesions identified over several years (a minimum follow-up period of 36 months). In Search of Nodular Gastric Antral Vascular Ectasia: A Distinct Entity or Simply Hyperplastic Polyps Arising in Gastric Antral Vascular Ectasia. C, An anogenital seborrheic keratosis with an undulating base and numerous pseudohorn cysts without evidence of koilocytosis. Endophytic fungi are ubiquitous to plants and are mainly members of Ascomycota or their mitosporic fungi, and some taxa of Basidiomycota, PMC Limitations: 2017;18(12):32514. May P. Chan; Verruciform and Condyloma-like Squamous Proliferations in the Anogenital Region. An endophyte is an endosymbiont, often a bacterium or fungus, that lives within a plant for Familiarization with the clinicopathologic characteristics and HPV status of various anogenital lesions described in this review should allow for more accurate classification and appropriate management of these conditions. Women with multiple squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) of the legs have a striking clinical phenotype. Unlike lesions infected with high-risk HPV, which are diffusely and strongly positive for p16, condylomas display negative, focal, or patchy staining (Figure 1, D).17,18 When necessary, testing for low-risk HPV (types 6 and 11) by PCR-DNA sequencing, in situ hybridization, or immunohistochemistry may also aid in diagnosis.19, Giant condyloma acuminatum is a large, fungating, and locally destructive form of condyloma acuminatum. A diagnostic clue at low magnification is the presence of compact parakeratosis with an orange hue or peach color completely filling the spaces between the papillary projections (Figure 9, A and B).89 Neutrophils are often found in the parakeratotic stratum corneum (Figure 9, B). Weba solid nodular form, which is largely endophytic with solid, lobulated masses of epithelium 4. an uncommon cystic type, with irregular clefts within the tumor and the formation of Condyloma acuminatum is caused by HPV infection, with HPV types 6 and 11 being the most prevalent.5 HPV 6 and 11 belong to the low-risk HPV group, which essentially has no risk for malignant progression. Class 2 endophytes can grow in plant tissues both above and below ground. Characterization of initial/early histologic features of proliferative van der Waal I. 2004;33(2):6570. [19], There are various behaviors that have been studied that resulted from endophyte symbiosis with plants. Interobserver agreement in dysplasia grading: toward an enhanced gold standard for clinical pathology trials. A systematic review. Corbaln-Vlez R, Martnez-Barba E, Lpez-Poveda MJ, Vidal-Abarca Gutirrez I, Ruz-Maci JA, Oviedo-Ramirez I, Martnez-Menchn T. Actas Dermosifiliogr. Careers. Squamous keratinocytes are more common in this variant compared to basaloid cells. [52][53], A strain of endophytic fungi which appeared to be closely related to Nigrograna mackinnonii which was isolated from a stem of the plant Guazuma ulmifolia collected in Ecuador was found to produce a variety of volatile organic compounds including terpenes and odd chain polyenes. [56], Endophytes produce a wide variety of secondary metabolites that might be useful as lead compounds in drug discovery. This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution. Saraswathi TR, Ranganathan K, Shanmugam S, et al. B, Koilocytes containing enlarged, irregular, and hyperchromatic nuclei, perinuclear halos, and coarse keratohyalin granules are found in the granular and upper spinous layers. The best inter-observer diagnostic agreement relative to PVL lesions were classified as corrugated ortho(para)hyperkeratotic lesion, not reactive and SCC (chi-square p=0.015). Results: [20] Specific endophyte species can also stimulate root growth by increasing the flux of auxin to where the endophyte is. Learn More Atypical Squamous Proliferation: What Lies Beneath? Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. The papillae have mostly rounded tips and prominent fibrovascular cores. There are occasional dyskeratotic cells, while koilocytes are absent (hematoxylin-eosin, original magnifications 10 [A] and 400 [B]). Class 1 endophytes typically confer benefits on their plant host such as improving plant biomass, increasing drought tolerance and increasing the production of chemicals that are toxic and unappetizing to animals, thereby decreasing herbivory. 2009;67(1):1406. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol. Condyloma acuminatum frequently enters the differential diagnosis of anogenital papules or plaques, especially those with a verruciform silhouette. The endophytes can survive most pesticides and are even resistant to some fungicides, and are very suitable for use in Integrated Pest Management. Clinically, these are solitary or coalescent skin-colored papules with a papillomatous surface. Head and Neck Pathol 15, 572587 (2021). Oral Oncol. The products provide high resistance to foliar lawn pests such as billbugs, chinch bugs, sod webworms, fall army-worms and Argentine stem weevils, but offer little protection to pests of grass roots such as grubs. A, This lesion shows flat acanthosis with full-thickness basaloid atypia. Differentiated intraepithelial neoplasia and lichen sclerosus may be found in the adjacent epithelium.37,51. The author has no relevant financial interest in the products or companies described in this article. Geetha KM, Leeky M, Narayan TV, Sadhana S, Saleha J. Grading of oral epithelial dysplasia: points to ponder. 2008;58(1):1517. 2019;215(12):152670. Google Scholar. Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL) is a spectrum disorder of the oral mucosa that shows characteristic, focal when early, adherent multifocal and Manipulations of a plant's endosymbiots can affect plant development, growth and ultimately the quality and quantity of compounds harvested from the plant. Hypertrophic Lichen Planus with Histological Features of Conspicuous fibrovascular cores and an infiltrative, rather than broad pushing, tumor base further distinguish papillary SCC from verrucous carcinoma. Despite the many known benefits that endophytes may confer to their plant hosts, conventional agricultural practices continue to take priority. From the Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor. The histopathologic features of epidermolytic acanthoma frequently raise suspicion for condyloma acuminatum or VV to the untrained eye. Template:Squamous-cell like skin proliferations - Patholines Ancillary tools available for identifying and genotyping human papillomavirus can aid in diagnosis when histopathologic findings are inconclusive. HPV infection and immunochemical detection of cell-cycle markers in verrucous carcinoma of the penis, The association of lichen planus of the penis with squamous cell carcinoma in situ and with verrucous squamous carcinoma, Prevalence of mucosal and cutaneous human papillomaviruses in different histologic subtypes of vulvar carcinoma, Verrucous carcinoma of the skin and mucosa, Surgical treatment for 11 cases of penile verrucous carcinoma, Verrucous carcinoma: clinical and pathologic study of 105 cases involving oral cavity, larynx and genitalia, Diagnostic problems in precancerous lesions and invasive carcinomas of the penis, Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the vagina: human papillomavirus detection, p16(INK4A) overexpression and clinicopathological correlations, Worldwide human papillomavirus genotype attribution in over 2000 cases of intraepithelial and invasive lesions of the vulva, Prevalence and distribution of 15 high-risk human papillomavirus types in squamous cell carcinoma of the scrotum, Histologic classification of penile intraepithelial neoplasia, The 2015 International Society for the Study of Vulvovaginal Disease (ISSVD) terminology of vulvar squamous intraepithelial lesions, The Lower Anogenital Squamous Terminology standardization project for HPV-associated lesions: background and consensus recommendations from the College of American Pathologists and the American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology, Distribution and characterization of subtypes of penile intraepithelial neoplasia and their association with invasive carcinomas: a pathological study of 139 lesions in 121 patients, Warty (condylomatous) squamous cell carcinoma of the penis: a report of 11 cases and proposed classification of verruciform' penile tumors, Squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva: a subclassification of 97 cases by clinicopathologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular features (p16, p53, and EGFR), p16 overexpression identifies HPV-positive vulvar squamous cell carcinomas, Distinctive association of p16INK4a overexpression with penile intraepithelial neoplasia depicting warty and/or basaloid features: a study of 141 cases evaluating a new nomenclature, Distinctive immunohistochemical profile of penile intraepithelial lesions: a study of 74 cases, Anal intraepithelial neoplasia: a single centre 19 year review, Papillary squamous cell carcinoma, not otherwise specified (NOS) of the penis: clinicopathologic features, differential diagnosis, and outcome of 35 cases, Bowenoid papulosis: a clinicopathologic study with ultrastructural observations, Bowenoid papulosis: clinical and histological study of eight cases, Bowenoid papulosis: presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) structural antigens and of HPV 16-related DNA sequences, Bowenoid papulosis of the vulva-immunotherapeutical approach with topical imiquimod, Photodynamic therapy for bowenoid papulosis using a novel incoherent light-emitting diode device, Extensive genital bowenoid papulosis responding to imiquimod, Aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy for bowenoid papulosis, Bowenoid papulosis: classification as a low-grade in situ carcinoma of the epidermis on the basis of histomorphologic and DNA ploidy studies, Bowenoid papulosis of the male and female genitalia: risk of cervical neoplasia, Heterogeneity of human papillomavirus DNA in a patient with Bowenoid papulosis that progressed to squamous cell carcinoma, Morphometric assessment of nuclei in Bowen's disease and bowenoid papulosis, The presence of HPV types 6/11, 16/18, 31/33/51 in Bowenoid papulosis demonstrated by DNA in situ hybridization, Detection of mucosal human papilloma virus DNA in bowenoid papulosis, Bowen's disease and squamous cell carcinoma of the skin, Expression of p16 and hTERT protein is associated with the presence of high-risk human papillomavirus in Bowenoid papulosis, A genotype distribution of human papillomaviruses detected by polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing analysis in a large sample of common warts in Japan, Development of a multiplex PCR method for detecting and typing human papillomaviruses in verrucae vulgaris, Verruca vulgaris of the vulva in children and adults: a nonvenereal type of vulvar wart, Human papillomavirus segregation patterns in genital and nongenital warts in prepubertal children and adults, Immunohistochemistry and polymerase chain reaction for detection human papilloma virus in warts: a comparative study, Multiple epidermolytic acanthomas must not be confused with genital human papillomavirus infection, Epidermolytic acanthoma of the scrotum: a rare mimicker of condyloma acuminatum, Multiple localized epidermolytic acanthomas of the vulva associated with vulvar pruritus: a case report, Multiple epidermolytic acanthomas mimicking condyloma: a retrospective study of 8 cases, Epidermolytic acanthoma does not contain human papillomavirus DNA.

Flint Michigan Crime News, I Accidentally Took 2 Claritin In 24 Hours, Articles E